s 28 s

Of Heaven and Hell

 

 

 

Supernatural Biological Entities

      Survival of the fittest favors those who have a strong desire to survive.  In the wild, those who do not have a strong desire to survive probably won't.  They die, and their genes die with them.  Therefore, the aliens have evolved a strong desire to survive.  Like us, they dream of living forever. 

      So how might an intelligent life form, which has evolved beyond our capabilities, set about to make itself immortal?  How would a space alien cheat death?  Like us, they probably discovered the technology of cloning.  Like us, they probably experience ghostly phenomena, whereby the energies of the dead continue to haunt the world they left behind.  Like us, they might have even been familiar with the demonic phenomena of possession, whereby a non-corporal life form enters into another life form and takes control of its host. 

      At this point, all of the obvious components for immortality are apparent.  If you were more technologically advanced than a human, and if you had certain clairvoyant or psychic gifts beyond that of a human, then, in order to achieve immortality, you might do the following: 

      Clone yourself.  Then study ghosts so that you will know how to control your ghost after you die.  Then, when you die, steer your ghost so that it can take possession of the clone.  In this manner, a person might be able to achieve immortality, by transferring oneself from body to body.  The biological component wears out and dies, but the soul of the person can overcome this by acquiring new biological bodies. 

      Obviously, we do not have the technology for this.  Nevertheless, the basic components and general process for how it might be achievable is well within our comprehension, and perhaps is even within our ability, if we were to study the matter in more depth.  If it were achievable, then those who were able to achieve it would move beyond the realm of mere intelligent life.  They would become, in fact, supernatural biological entities.

 

 

The Resurrection

      In this context, the resurrection of the flesh becomes scientifically understandable, for it is the movement of a ghost into a living body.  According to the Biblical account of the resurrection of Jesus, those who saw him often did not recognize him right away, but upon closer look, they saw that it was him.  Mary Magdalene mistook him for the gardener at first, but then recognized him after a minute or so.[1]  Likewise, two men on the road to Emmaus did not recognize him at first, but then realized it was him later on.[2]  When they were eating together in Galilee, "Nobody dared ask if it was the Lord, for they all knew it was him."[3]  Why did they want to ask?  If Jesus looked like Jesus, then why would there be any question?  Apparently, Jesus had taken on some sort of different appearance, yet they still knew it was him. 

      This is entirely consistent with what we would expect if the resurrected Jesus were a clone, which was taken over by the ghost of Jesus.  A clone would have had shorter hair.  A clone would not have had a chance to grow a beard yet.  A clone would have had perfect teeth.   A clone's face would not have been weathered.  A clone would have looked different.  But upon closer examination, those who knew him best would have known that it was him.  His height, shoulder width, body type, tone of voice, personality, and especially his recollections of past events would have eventually convinced them.  It would take a minute to suspect it was him, and even a little longer to fully accept it, but with enough "incontrovertible proofs," as Luke says,[4] they would have eventually accepted that it was him.  This is exactly the scenario we see mentioned several times in the multiple gospel accounts of Jesus Christ's resurrection.

      On the other hand, if the resurrected Jesus were just an imposture pretending to be Jesus, the exact opposite would have been true.  They would have immediately recognized the imposture as looking like Jesus, but upon closer examination, they would have subsequently realized he was not.  Likewise, if Jesus somehow survived the crucifixion, they would have recognized him immediately because he was badly wounded and scarred all over his body.  The fact that they did not recognize him at first, but later realized it was him is consistent only with the clone theory.

      The resurrection is not spiritual, but physical.  Specifically, it is biological.  The resurrected Jesus ate food, and said,

 

Put your hands on me and handle me.  A spiritual entity does not have flesh and bones, but you can see that I do.[5]

 

Hence, Jesus was not a spiritual entity; rather, he was a supernatural biological entity. 

      Early Christians and Essenes insisted that we would likewise be resurrected into actual physical bodies, not as mere "spirits in heaven" or "spiritual bodies" or anything of the sort – but rather as physical flesh and bone.  Here is what they said:

 

The Essenes also say that when the flesh is resurrected, it will be immortal.[6] 

 

We await the salvation of the entire human – that is, both soul and body.[7]

 

Humans will truly rise from the dead, not metaphorically, as I have shown repeatedly.[8]

 

This is also in line with what the Prophet Zarathustra says, for he understood that the resurrection was biological in nature.  He speaks of a future kingdom of material prosperity wherein,

 

The righteous, in the future life, shall be given two pregnant cows, an ox, and everything else they can think to desire.[9] 

 

This is not cyclic reincarnation.  Zarathustra says nothing of reincarnation, but rather speaks of the Bridge of Separation, which divides everyone between two eternal destinies – salvation and doom.[10]  The Zoroastrians still believe in a physical resurrection with materialistic rewards to this day.

      Scientists, ghost hunters, and exorcists also lend credibility to this understanding of the resurrection.  Mainstream science does not even recognize the existence of incorporeal spiritual entities, but rather sees all life as being necessarily biological, and therefore, any resurrection must necessarily be biological or it is not really life.  Ghost hunters differ in that they believe spirits exist; however, they observe that ghosts are generally very weak, only being able to lift a few pounds, and that they require enormous concentration to accomplish even the least strenuous of tasks.  Exorcists regularly observe that incorporeal spirits exist; however, these spirits crave physical bodies, so much so that they attempt to possess the bodies of biological entities.  Incorporeal life craves to become corporeal, for such is the natural state of life.  Therefore, science, ghostology, and demonology all give testimony to the effect that life must be biological, or else it is not really life at all.  Accordingly, the resurrection requires a biological body.

 

Demons, the Ghosts of the Nephilim

      The gods attain effective immortality by possessing new biological bodies as their old bodies wear out.  However, when a god procreates with a mortal, the resulting hybrid child may not have the ability to do this, because it is only half god.  Yet the hybrid still thinks it potentially might have this ability, because one of its parents did, and so when the hybrid dies, it attempts to possess a new biological entity, but cannot completely effect the possession, and so it becomes a demon that torments its host in an effort to drive the soul of the owner out of the body it seeks to possess.  This explains demons.  The deceased soul of a hybrid god-mortal falls on the continuum between the soul of a dead god and the soul of a human ghost.  The demon has the soul of a god in terms of ability to move its soul into another body.  However, it does not have the full power of a god, because it is half mortal, and so it cannot completely take over another body.  The demon is doomed to a most frustrating existence, for it desires to move from body to body as a god does, but cannot do so.  This is why the demons are so frustrated, volatile, and forever in a bad mood.

      There is considerable historical evidence to suggest that the foregoing conclusions are correct, because these truths have apparently been revealed to us by the gods, and are even somewhat observable by exorcists and demonologists.

      The earliest followers of the Christian faith believed that demons are the ghosts of angel-human hybrids who were the nephilim of Genesis 6 and Enoch.  As Justin Martyr said, 

     

The angels forsook their appointment, and were enthralled with the love of women.  They had children, who are the demons.  Moreover, they later subdued the human race to themselves, partly by occult writings, and partly by fear and punishment they effected, and partly by teaching them to offer sacrifices, incense, and libations.[11]

 

Athenagoras also gave his support to the idea, saying,

 

These angels fell into impure love of virgins and were subjected by the flesh… Thus, those who are called the giants were sired by these lovers of virgins… These angels, who have fallen from heaven, who haunt the air and the earth, are no longer able to rise to heavenly things; and the souls of the giants, who are the demons, who wander about the world, behave similarly to them.[12] 

 

Here, we see plainly that Athenagoras distinguished between fallen angels and demons.  The fallen angels were the lustful fathers of the demons.  The demons were their half-mortal children, born from human women.  Athenagoras was no fool.  He was a highly respected advocate of the faith prominent enough to gain an audience with the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus in 177 CE, to whom he presented his literary work A Plea for the Christians. 

      There were many other ancient voices that testified to the distinction between angels and demons, and to the fact that the demons are the ghosts of angel-mortal hybrids.  These include Tatian who affirmed that demons are incorporeal,[13] Origen who affirmed a distinction between angels and demons,[14] Lactantius who affirmed that demons are the ghosts of angel-human hybrids,[15] and Commodianus who affirmed the same opinion as Lactantius.[16]  The case of Commodianus bears mention, because he was a pastor-bishop of a church around Carthage (Tunisia) at a time when Christianity in that region was known for being very strict and ultra-conservative.  His environment was not exactly the best forum for unconventional views.  To the contrary, his views on demons and angels were the conventional wisdom of the day within conservative Christian orthodoxy.

      Even the demons themselves attest that they are hybrids.  The Zoroastrian demon Akkoman, who is called Asmodeus in the Judea-Christian tradition, once told King Solomon,

 

Although I was born from a human mother, I am the son of an angel.[17] 

 

      The Greeks were fascinated by the concept of demons.  Plato recorded their nature very specifically, stating that they are disembodied spirits who possess superior knowledge.  He said, "The deity does not converse with humans, but all communications and conversations between gods and humans is done by demons acting as mediums."  Hesiod also supposed that demons existed, yet his interpretation saw them as dead party animals who now haunt the earth and keep watch over humans.[18]  Hesiod is consistent with the Christian and Gilgamesh interpretations, insofar as they were party animals, because they "ate, drank, got married, and were given in marriage," and "partied like New Year's all the time."[19]

 

Demons of Spirit, Angels of Flesh

      The incorporeal nature of demons contrasts sharply with every ancient representation of angels, for angels most definitely have flesh.  This can be seen in Genesis 18, where the men of Sodom attempted to rape two angels.  It is also apparent in several other Old Testament passages, such as Judges' chapters 2 and 13, where the angel of Yahweh eats food, and in the account of Jesus' resurrection, wherein angels appear indistinguishable from human men.  In contrast, there is no account in the Bible, nor in early Christian literature, where demons appear in the flesh.  Demons are wholly an incorporeal breed.

 

Testimony of a Modern Exorcist

      That's all well and good, but what do today's exorcists say?  Since first becoming a Pentecostal minister in the 1940's, Pastor Derek Prince has had dozens of years of experience in the realm of casting out demons.[20]  In his words,

 

I describe demons as disembodied spirit beings that have an intense craving to occupy physical bodies.[21] 

 

On the basis of my experience, I find it hard to believe that demons are fallen angels… Demons, on the other hand, appear to be earthbound creatures.[22] 

 

      Prince distinguishes between two Greek words of the New Testament, daimon and daimonion, that are both translated "demon" in English.  He postulates that the daimons are a higher angelic order, resident to the heavens in accordance with Ephesians 6:12, but that the daimonions are a lower earthbound order of disembodied spirits.  He also claims to have had interaction with both, and that the nature of the two types of interaction is not similar.[23]  Could it be that the difference is because one group of "demons" are ghosts of the nephilim and the other group of "demons" are fallen angels? 

      Consistent with Pentecostal attitudes on the sole authority of the Bible, Prince does not base his opinions on any of the foregoing material presented from the extra-Biblical ancient Christian writings.  Rather, his opinions are rooted in the Bible and in his own extensive personal experience.  It is most interesting that, despite the Pentecostal and Protestant tendency to ignore extra-Biblical literature, their own best experienced exorcists tend to corroborate the demonological opinions of the very extra-Biblical literature they ignore.  Clearly, there is more to demonology than just an overactive imagination, for the lost wisdom of the ancients is reconfirmed and corroborated by the experiences of today's exorcists, many of whom are unaware of and disinterested in the ancient testimony that they corroborate.

 

Sulfur Demons

      One signature of demonic presence is the smell of sulfur.  According to Prince, demon possessed individuals sometimes display a yellow sulfurous glow in the middle of each eye.[24]  Also, the legendary ape-monster Bigfoot is reported to have a very foul stench like sulfur.  Insofar as Bigfoot may be an angel-mortal hybrid species aimed at devolving us into lower primates, their connection with the demonic should not be surprising.  It is also sometimes reported that the occupants of UFO's smell like sulfur.[25] 

      A bit of chemistry brings some science into the sulfur phenomenon.  It is proposed by some astrobiologists that liquid hydrogen sulfide might be a suitable solvent as an alternative to water, from which life could have emerged.  Hydrogen sulfide is common enough in the universe, and it dissolves organic elements readily enough, that it is quite plausibly a solvent for life.  Thus, there is some scientific basis for the existence of sulfuric extraterrestrials.  Hydrogen sulfide is a cousin to water.  It is H2S.  Water is H2O.  Sulfur replaces oxygen.  Hydrogen sulfide exists as a liquid only at cold temperatures, which means that any life form based on hydrogen sulfide would be colder than we are.[26]  Perhaps this characteristic explains why people often feel chilly, a literal drop in temperature, when in the company of an evil spirit.

 

Cycles of Ages or Eternal Kingdom?

      13.7 billion years ago, the Big Bang blasted the universe into existence.  Ever since then, the universe has been flying away from itself.   For a long time, scientists wondered whether the universe will expand forever, or whether gravity will cause it to fall back into itself.  No more do they wonder.  Science has decisively answered the question. 

      The question has religious implications.  An eternally expanding universe accords with Christianity, as the Prophet Isaiah said, "Of the increase of his kingdom there will be no end,"[27] meaning that the Kingdom of Heaven will continually increase because the universe will literally expand forever.  Jesus added, "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest of all seeds, yet it grows to be the largest of trees, and the birds of the air nest in it."[28]  Likewise, the Big Bang started as the smallest of seeds, a singularity, infinitely small and infinitely dense, and it has grown to be quite large, such that the UFO's of the air nest in it.

      In tension with the Prophets, many human philosophers hypothesized that time exists as cycles of ages, which periodically collapse back into the Primordial Oneness of the cosmos, only to be reincarnated in another age.  This view accords with the presumption that gravity will overtake the Big Bang, and that the universe will collapse back into itself, only to be reincarnated in another Big Bang, which will again collapse back into itself, and so on, through the never-ending circle of time.

      Science has resolved the dispute in favor of the Prophets, over and against the philosophers.  It has become generally accepted sound science that the universe will expand forever.  The universe has achieved escape velocity.  It will never collapse back into itself.  Dark matter and dark energy, once poorly understood, have now been studied to the extent that we can scientifically confirm this conclusion.  According to the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration,

 

The most surprising discovery in the recent years has been the accelerated expansion of the universe.  New high quality data and other measurements have confirmed the fact beyond any doubt.[29] 

 

This fact, that the Prophets had it right and that the philosophers of humanity had it wrong, is evidence that the Prophets are truly inspired by an intelligence greater than our own.

 

The Never-Ending Expansion of the Universe

      There are three cosmic players influencing the ultimate destiny of the universe – luminous matter, dark matter, and dark energy. 

      Luminous matter is the stuff you can see.  It is comprised of atoms and molecules.  It accounts for only 4% of the total gravity it would take to force the universe to collapse.  According to Nicolson,

 

If the universe contained nothing else but luminous matter, gravity would be far too feeble ever to halt its headlong expansion.  The universe would be open, and destined to expand forever.[30] 

 

      Besides luminous matter, there is dark matter.  Dark matter is the stuff you cannot see.  It is matter, but not in the form of atomic particles.  During the explosion of the Big Bang, most matter was unable to form into atomic particles, and thus it exists at the subatomic level.  Dark matter provides less than a quarter of the mass required to exert the gravitational force needed to make the universe collapse on itself.  One estimate puts the figure at 22%,[31] and another at 20%.[32]   Thus, when the gravitational force of luminous matter and dark matter are combined, they account for only 26% or 28% of the gravity needed to overtake the velocity of the Big Bang.  In other words, there is far too little gravity in the universe to offset the speed at which the universe is expanding.  The universe will expand forever.

      But dark energy is the most mysterious of the three.

 

Dark Energy and Outer Darkness

      Astrophysicists believe that dark energy is an unseen force that is literally casting us into outer darkness.  They believe that this force is going to cause a very rapid acceleration in the speed at which the universe is flying away from itself, pushing us farther and farther away from the center of the universe at an increasing speed.  This theory is called "The Big Rip," because it proposes that the universe will be ripped apart and cast into the oblivion of eternal outer darkness.  The Big Rip has apparently already begun.  For the first 9 billion years in the history of the universe, gravity was slowing our velocity.  But about 5 billion years ago, the situation reversed.  The speed at which the universe is flying away from itself started to increase.  This is known from a spectrographic study confirming the increasing red shift of a sample of 230 type 1A supernovae in distant galaxies, whose light is just now arriving from 6 billion light years away.[33]  From supernovae like these, it can be determined that the universe is expanding so fast that it will never contract.[34]  Current theory sees dark energy as a type of cosmic fluid or negative pressure, wherein its pressure equals its density times the negative of the cosmological constant.[35]  Because of it, and because the gravity of matter is insufficient, the universe is flying apart, and it will never come back together again.[36]

      Dark energy echoes the words of Jesus Christ,

 

They will be cast into outer darkness.[37]

 

Outer Darkness and the Big Rip

      It is a proven scientific fact that hell fire and eternal damnation literally do exist.  Unfortunately, we cannot say the same about heaven yet.  Our telescopes are still not powerful enough to see heaven.  This is not a joke.  This is quite serious. 

      The Big Bang occurred at the center of the universe.  As the universe expands, its stars will burn all of the fuel in the universe until all the stars die.  All light energy will eventually be converted into heat energy – making the dark starless sky hellishly hot.  In the end, there will be nothing but burning coals of dead stars and eternal darkness.  The universe will never rebound.  It will never collapse on itself to repeat its life.  It will simply expand forever and ever into smoldering darkness.  This sounds like hell.  As Nicolson concluded,

 

We live in a universe that is dominated by its dark side.[38]

 

      Moreover, our ability to escape is now limited.  The best time to get out of the Milky Way Galaxy was before 5 billion years ago, that is, before the Big Rip started accelerating the speed at which the galaxies are moving away from each other.  Now might be too late.  The speed at which galaxies are moving away from each other may prohibit us from ever traveling to other galaxies.  The die has been cast.  We have already been cast into outer darkness.  As the Prophet tells us, "The axe is already laid against the root of the tree."[39]

      The fuel of the universe is low-mass elements, most notably hydrogen and helium.  These elements undergo nuclear fusion inside of stars, producing heat and light.  However, a point is reached where the gravity afforded by the mass of a star is no longer strong enough to compress the heavier elements into increasingly heavier elements.  When this happens, the star collapses within itself.  The larger supernovae form black holes.  The smaller supernovae form neutron stars.  The regular stars generally form white dwarfs.  Eventually, all the available low-mass elements will be consumed in this way.  In the end, the universe will be filled with black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, together with a lot of heavy metal in the depths of outer darkness.   

      Black holes are like Satan the Devil.  Black holes were once the largest of stars.  Shimmering like Lucifer, every black hole was once the light giving Eye of Horus – the divine sun-god.  But when they burned all their fuel, they collapsed into darkness.  Their gravity is so strong that they suck everything into their darkness.  They utterly destroy everything that nears them.  Even the light that illumines the universe is sucked into their eternal darkness.  As Jesus said, "If the light of your eye is darkness, how great is that darkness!"[40]   

      Two thousand years before the discovery of dark energy and dark matter, Jude the brother of Jesus wrote a chillingly accurate description of hell, defining its inhabitants as "Wandering stars for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever."[41]  From a scientific understanding, this is quite literally a factual description of eternal damnation.  For in the end, when dark energy triumphs over gravity in the Big Rip, there will be nothing but the hot ash of dead stars floating throw darkness.  Hence, science has proven that these wandering stars are damned to outer darkness forever, just as Jude prophesied. 

      Thus, when the universe has run its course, the words of Jesus Christ will literally be fulfilled, "He will cast them into outer darkness."[42]  If we stay in this Galaxy, the Big Rip will send us careening toward the outer darkness of hell.   

 

Hell's Prophecy

      When Jesus Christ called hell "outer darkness," he was cutting against the grain of the cultural beliefs of his time.  If he were a mere mortal, who was shaped by his culture, Jesus would have called hell "inner darkness," not "outer darkness," because the cultural assumption in his day, both in the Greek culture and in the Hebrew culture, was that hell existed below the earth, in the ground.  The Greeks called hell Hades.  The Hebrews called it Sheol.  Both names referred to the underworld – that is, a region under the earth.  But Jesus called hell "outer darkness," implying that hell existed outside the earth, not underneath it – as if hell were on the outer rim of creation.  Jesus Christ's choice of words is a chilling testimony to his secret knowledge of how the cosmos works!  Jesus Christ was no mortal.  He knew the dark mysteries of the cosmos as no human possibly could have.

 

Heaven

      If the Big Rip is hell, then is it possible that the Big Bang is heaven?  The Big Bang came from the center of the universe.  Perhaps somewhere a trillion zillion light years behind us, outside the range of our telescopes, at the center of the universe, there exists the Primordial Goddess, holding protons in her womb, and the Primordial God, impregnating her with excited electrons.  Together, they conjugate to make hydrogen – the simplest element, consisting of a single proton and a single electron.  Then the Goddess farts out little baby hydrogen atoms.  Clouds of hydrogen gas condense around her, compacting into massive supernovae.  Finally the God passes gas clouds of hydrogen into the broader universe with his massive exploding supernovae.  These supernovae stars illuminate the heavenly cloud, blasting all around them in a never ending array of fireworks.  From this splendid heavenly throne room, they re-fuel the eternal universe from the center outward with fresh hydrogen – the primary element of nuclear fusion.  If this is the case, then the words of the Prophet Isaiah are fulfilled – "Of the increase of his kingdom there shall be no end,"[43] because the universe will grow larger forever.

      The massive supernovae resulting from such dense concentrations of hydrogen must be a sight to see.  Large enough to fuse heavy metals in their thermonuclear cauldrons, these exploding super-giants must be much like what John and Ezekiel described concerning the heavenly throne room, filled with its colorful metals,[44] which in liquid and gaseous form would be dazzling indeed.  Such grandiose astrochemical fireworks must be a testimony to the true "chemistry" between Goddess and God, between Sophia-Ruach and Elyon.

      We must try to find some way to fly back toward the center of the universe, where this new hydrogen is being created.  Otherwise, we will cross the edge of the Big Rip into outer darkness and eternal damnation.  By flying to the center of the universe, we can "draw near to God," as the scripture says, in a very real and most literal sense.  Heaven is not a spiritual realm, but rather it is a physical location subject to the constraints of time, space, and the laws of physics.  Heaven is the center of the universe.  We must journey toward this central heaven, for it is the only way to find new worlds rich enough in hydrogen to perpetuate eternal life. 

      On the other hand, there is no scientific evidence to confirm that the creation of hydrogen is an ongoing process emanating from the center of the universe.  It could be that the Big Bang was a one-time explosion, and that there is no new source of hydrogen.  In that case, we're all going to hell.

 

 



[1] John 20:14-17

[2] Luke 24:13-32

[3] John 21:12

[4] Acts 1:3

[5] Luke 24:39-43, John 21:10-15

[6] Hippolytus.  The Refutation of All Heresies 9:22

[7] Irenaeus.  Against Heresies 5.20.1

[8] Irenaeus.  Against Heresies 5.35.2

[9] Yasna 46:19, 28:9, from the Gathas of Zarathustra

[10] Yasna 43:12, 46:11, 51:13, from the Gathas of Zarathustra

[11] Justin Martyr.  The Second Apology of Justin for the Christians:  Addressed to the Roman Senate 5.   

[12] Athenagoras.  A Plea for the Christians 24-25

[13] Tatian.  Address of Tatian to the Greeks 15

[14] Origen.  Against Celsus 8:25. 

[15] Lactantius.  The Divine Institutes 2:15

[16] Commodianus.  The Instructions of Commodianus 3

[17] Testament of Solomon 5:3

[18] Pember, G H.  Earth's Earliest Ages.  Edited by Lang, G H, 1911, Kregel Publications, p 58

[19] Quelle, Matthew 24:36, Luke 17:27; Gilgamesh Epic 11:70-74 of Assyrian tablet

[20] Prince, Derek.  They Shall Expel Demons:  What You Need to Know About Demons – Your Invisible Enemies.  1998, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI, p 30

[21] Prince, Derek.  ibid, p 89

[22] Prince, Derek.  ibid, p 91

[23] Prince, Derek.  ibid, p 94

[24] Prince, Derek.  ibid, p 45

[25] Denzler, Brenda.  The Lure of the Edge:  Scientific Passions, Religious Beliefs, and the Pursuit of UFOs.  2001, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, p 124 

[26] Schulze-Makuch, Dirk; Irwin, Louis N.  Life in the Universe:  Expectations and Constraints.  2004, Springer-Verlag, Berlin & Heidelberg, Germany, p 112-114

[27] Isaiah 9:7

[28] Mark 4:31, Luke 13:19, Matthew 13:31

[29] Sanchez, E; on behalf of the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration.  The Dark Energy Survey.  Compiled in Munez, Carlos; Yepes, Gustavo.  The Dark Side of the Universe:  2nd International Conference on The Dark Side of the Universe.  DSU 2006, American Institute of Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings 878, Madrid, Spain, p 213

[30] Nicolson, Ian.  Dark Side of the Universe:  Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Cosmos.  2007, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, p 33, 114

[31] Nicolson, Ian.  ibid, p 114

[32] Sanchez, E; on behalf of the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration.  The Dark Energy Survey.  Compiled in Munez, Carlos; Yepes, Gustavo.  The Dark Side of the Universe:  2nd International Conference on The Dark Side of the Universe.  DSU 2006, American Institute of Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings 878, Madrid, Spain, p 213

[33] Nicolson, Ian.  Dark Side of the Universe:  Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Cosmos.  2007, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, p 121-128

[34] Riess, A G; Filippenko, A V; Challis, P; Clocchiatti, A; Diercks, A; Garnavich, P M; Gilliland, R L; Hogan, C J; Jha, S; Kirshner, R P; Leibundgut, B; Phillips, M M; Reiss, D; Schmidt, B P; Schommer, R A; Smith, R C; Spyromilio, J; Stubbs, C; Suntzeff, N B; Tonry, J.  Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant.  1998, The Astronomical Journal 116, p 1009-1038

[35] Stefancic, Hrvoje.  Dark-Energy Equation of State:  How Far Can We Go from Alpha?  Compiled in Munez, Carlos; Yepes, Gustavo.  The Dark Side of the Universe:  2nd International Conference on The Dark Side of the Universe.  DSU 2006, American Institute of Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings 878, Madrid, Spain, p 247

[35] Nicolson, Ian.  Dark Side of the Universe:  Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Cosmos.  2007, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, p 60-72

[36] Gianz, James.  Breakthrough of the Year: Astronomy: Cosmic Motion Revealed.  1998, Science 282, 5397, p 2156-2157

[37] Matthew 8:12, 22:13, 25:30

[38] Nicolson, Ian.  Dark Side of the Universe:  Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Cosmos.  2007, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, p 176

[39] Luke 3:9, Matthew 3:10

[40] Matthew 6:23, Luke 11:34-36

[41] Jude 13

[42] Matthew 22:13, 8:12

[43] Isaiah 9:7

[44] Ezekiel 1, Revelation 4